Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Cov Qauv Hlau

1. Cov txheej txheem steel muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li lub teeb yuag, kev teeb tsa yooj yim, siv sijhawm luv, kev ua haujlwm zoo seismic, ceev rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev, thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig. Lawv kuj muaj zoo plasticity thiab toughness, thiab zoo cuam tshuam kuj.

2. Steel hom yog cais raws li thickness: nyias daim hlau (thickness <4mm), nruab nrab daim hlau (4-20mm), thiab tuab daim hlau (20-60mm), nrog thicknesses ntau tshaj 60mm cais raws li ntxiv-thick. Steel strips muaj nyob rau hauv steel phaj qeb.

3. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam thiab siab - lub zog bolts?
Ordinary bolts feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam thiab tsis muaj cua sov- kho. Siab - lub zog bolts feem ntau yog ua los ntawm siab - zoo carbon structural steel los yog alloy structural steel thiab xav tau kev kho cua sov los txhim kho lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tag nrho. High- lub zog bolts tau muab faib ua qib 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9.
Hais txog qib zog: Siab- lub zog bolts feem ntau siv ob qib zog: 8.8S thiab 10.9S. Ordinary bolts feem ntau muaj qib 4.4, 4.8, 5.6, thiab 8.8.
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ntxhov siab: Siab - lub zog bolts siv pretension thiab xa cov quab yuam sab nraud los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Ordinary bolts kis shear quab yuam los ntawm shear tsis kam ntawm lub bolt shank thiab bearing siab ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa.

4. Muab faib los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ntxhov siab: kev sib txhuam hom thiab hom kabmob
Kev sib txhuam- hom siab- lub zog bolts xa cov quab yuam sab nraud raws li kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Thaum lub zog shear sib npaug ntawm kev sib txhuam quab yuam, nws yog tus tsim txwv load ntawm kev sib txhuam - hom siab - lub zog bolt txuas. Lub sijhawm no, cov tswvcuab txuas nrog yuav tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib tsoo, lub bolt shank tsis raug shear, thiab lub bolt qhov phab ntsa tsis raug rau cov kabmob.
Cov kabmob- hom siab- lub zog bolts zoo ib yam li cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam. Lub zog shear tuaj yeem tshaj qhov kev sib txhuam quab yuam. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov txheeb ze slippage yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, thiab lub bolt shank thiab lub qhov phab ntsa yuav nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag. Kev sib txuas yog nyob ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab cov shear thiab bearing ntawm lub bolt shank kom xa cov quab yuam.
Cov kabmob- hom siab- lub zog bolts muaj qhov deformation loj dua thiab tsis haum rau kev sib txuas hauv cov qauv uas ncaj qha nqa cov khoom hnyav.

 

5. Hom Vuam Electrodes
Muaj kwv yees li kaum hom: carbon steel electrodes, qis- alloy steel electrodes, molybdenum thiab chromium-molybdenum tshav kub-resistant steel electrodes, qis-kub steel electrodes, stainless hlau electrodes, surfacing electrodes, cam khwb cia hlau electrodes, npib tsib xee thiab npib tsib xee electrodes alloy thiab txhuas coated electrodes, tshwj xeeb - lub hom phiaj electrodes.

6. Weld Defects:
(1) Incomplete Penetration: Localized tsis muaj fusion ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib koom tes (V los yog U groove) los yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab (X zawj) ntawm lub hauv paus hlau, qhov twg blunt npoo tsis tag fused ua ke. Kev nkag mus tsis tiav txo cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm cov welded sib koom ua ke, tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tsis tiav thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tiav, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau tawg thaum lub welded ib feem nyob rau hauv load.
(2) Tsis muaj Fusion: Localized tsis tiav fusion ntawm cov khoom hlau thiab cov hlau muab tub lim (nruab nrab ntawm cov hlaws vuam thiab cov hlau hauv paus), lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau muab tub lim (nruab nrab ntawm cov hlaws hlaws lossis cov txheej vuam hauv ntau- hla vuam), lossis tsis tiav fusion ntawm cov hlau hauv lub hauv paus thaum vuam (tsis kam vuam). Qhov no qee zaum nrog cov slag inclusions.
(3) Porosity: Thaum lub sij hawm fusion welding txheej txheem, gases nyob rau hauv lub vuam hlau los yog gases los ntawm sab nraud uas nkag mus rau hauv lub molten pas dej ua ke tsis khiav ua ntej lub molten hlau txias thiab solidifies, ua rau cov kab noj hniav los yog pores nyob rau hauv los yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau weld. Nyob ntawm lawv cov duab, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib qhov pores, saw pores, ntom pores (xws li honeycomb pores), thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv arc vuam, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem metallurgical luv luv thiab cov pas dej molten hlau solidifies sai, cov gases uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm metallurgical txheej txheem, cov gases absorbed los ntawm cov kua hlau, los yog cov gases ntawm cov kua dej, los yog cov kua dej los yog cov kua dej los yog cov kua dej los yog cov kua dej los yog cov kua dej ua kua. cov av noo siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw vuam, tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho cov tsim ntawm qhov pores yog tias cov pa roj no tsis muaj sijhawm los khiav. Txawm hais tias porosity tsis ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau npaum li lwm yam tsis xws luag, nws rhuav tshem lub compactness ntawm cov hlau weld thiab txo tus ntoo khaub lig zoo -sectional cheeb tsam ntawm weld, yog li txo lub zog ntawm weld.

7. Tsis yog-kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj yog ib qho kev sim uas tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw thiab sab hauv qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw kuaj xyuas yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom ua haujlwm lossis cov khoom siv raw. Common Non-Txoj kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj:
Kev Ntsuas Ultrasonic: Txoj kev no siv lub peev xwm ntawm ultrasound kom nkag mus tob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hlau thiab qhov kev xav uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam thaum nws dhau los ntawm ib ntu mus rau lwm qhov los tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov chaw. Thaum lub ultrasonic beam tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev sojntsuam mus rau hauv cov hlau, nws qhia tau hais tias thaum nws ntsib qhov tsis xws luag thiab hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw, tsim mem tes waveforms ntawm qhov screen. Qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog txiav txim siab raws li cov mem tes waveforms.
Radiographic Testing (X-ray, -ray): Txoj kev no siv hluav taws xob nkag mus rau cov khoom txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem sab hauv.
Sib Nqus Particle Testing: Qhov no yog ib txoj kev kuaj uas siv los xyuas qhov chaw thiab ze ntawm - deg defects nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic. Thaum lub workpiece yog magnetized, yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov chaw, qhov sib nqus ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yuav nce, uas ua rau cov hlau nplaum sib nqus thiab tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus hauv zos. Cov khoom sib nqus ces qhia cov duab thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, yog li txiav txim siab qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag.

8. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem: Kev npaj, straightening, layout, txiav, khoov, qhov ua, sib dhos, vuam, tshuaj xyuas, xeb tshem tawm, pleev xim.

9. Hlau nto xeb tshem tawm txoj kev muaj xws li: kev kho mob, kev kho tshuab, tshuaj kho mob, thiab kev kho cov nplaim taws.
(1) Kev Kho Hniav
Kev kho mob ntawm tes tsuas yog siv cov cuab yeej xws li shovels, hlau txhuam, ntawv xuab zeb, thiab cov hniav tawg tawg, tso siab rau phau ntawv rauj, shoveling, scraping, txhuam, thiab xuab zeb kom tshem tawm xeb. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev tshem tawm xeb ib txwm siv los ntawm cov neeg pleev kob thiab yog txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws, tsis muaj kev txwv ib puag ncig lossis kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo, nws tsuas yog tsim rau me me - nplai tshem tawm xeb.
(2) Mechanical Rust Removal Method
Kev tshem tawm cov tshuab xeb feem ntau yog siv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob thiab pneumatic kom tshem tawm xeb. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob feem ntau suav nrog cov txhuam hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob sib tsoo log; Cov cuab yeej pneumatic suav nrog cov txhuam pneumatic. Cov txhuam hluav taws xob thiab pneumatic siv cov kev sib hloov ntawm cov hlau txhuam tshwj xeeb uas tsim los kom tshem tawm xeb lossis nplai los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib txhuam. Txoj kev no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau nto xeb, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm cov pob zeb ntxaum ntxaum. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib tsoo lub log yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tes uas tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm tes. Nws siv lub siab -kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub log sib tsoo kom tshem tawm xeb, thiab ua tau zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pob zeb sib sib zog nqus. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev tsim kho zoo, thiab siv tau yooj yim, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho cov cuab yeej tshem tawm xeb. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob sib tsoo los ntawm cov hlau nto.
(3) Txoj kev Sandblasting thiab txhaj tshuaj blasting
Cov txheej txheem sandblasting thiab txhaj tshuaj blasting yog tib yam li cov uas siv los tshem tawm cov xim qub qub hauv ntu yav dhau los.

(4) Txoj Kev Kho Nplaim: Txoj kev kho nplaim hluav taws siv cov roj siv hluav taws xob los ua kom sov me me, sib sib zog nqus xeb me ntsis uas nyuaj rau tshem tawm manually. Qhov kub kub hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau oxide (xeb), yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm xeb. Thaum siv txoj kev no, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab los ntawm cov hlau nto thiab tiv thaiv cov cheeb tsam loj ntawm qhov deforming vim cua sov.
(5) Txoj kev kho tshuaj
Txoj kev kho tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb acid pickling rau kev tshem tawm xeb. Nws siv cov tshuaj acidic los ua tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov hlau oxides (xeb), tsim cov ntsev uas tshem tawm ntawm cov hlau. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj acidic xws li sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, thiab phosphoric acid. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov kua qaub yog siv rau thaj tsam rusted ntawm cov hlau, cia nws maj mam cuam tshuam nrog cov xeb. Tom qab cov xeb raug tshem tawm, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau rinsed nrog dej huv, neutralized nrog ib tug qaug zog alkaline tov, rinsed dua nrog dej huv, wiped qhuav, thiab ces qhuav kom tsis txhob rusting sai.
Cov kua qaub-pickled hlau nto yuav tsum tau roughened los yog phosphated, feem ntau yog ua kom cov adhesion ntawm cov hlau nto thiab primer. Thaum diluting concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid yuav tsum tau maj mam nchuav rau hauv dej hauv lub thawv thaum txuas ntxiv stirring. Tsis txhob ua qhov ntxeev, kom tsis txhob txaws cov sulfuric acid thiab ua rau raug mob.

10. Cov khoom siv nqa: Gantry crane, Ntauwd crane, Crawler crane, Tsheb crane, Log crane, Mast crane, Jack, Winch, Hoist, Choj crane.